1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

1.2 Other means of identification

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Acute toxicity - Oral, Category 4

Carcinogenicity, Category 1A

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, short-term (Acute) - Category Acute 1

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term (Chronic) - Category Chronic 1

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statement(s)	H302 Harmful if swallowed H350 May cause cancer H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P201 Obtain special instructions before use. P202 Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P273 Avoid release to the environment.
Response	P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/…if you feel unwell. P330 Rinse mouth. P308+P313 IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/ attention. P391 Collect spillage.
Storage	P405 Store locked up.
Disposal	P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

3.Composition/information on ingredients

3.1 Substances

4.First-aid measures

4.1 Description of necessary first-aid measures

General advice

Consult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled

Fresh air, rest.

In case of skin contact

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

In case of eye contact

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

If swallowed

Rinse mouth.

4.2 Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed

Poisonous if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. May cause contact dermatitis, irritation or sensitization. Ingestion may cause nausea and vomiting. (USCG, 1999)

4.3 Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

5.Fire-fighting measures

5.1 Extinguishing media

Suitable extinguishing media

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

5.2 Specific hazards arising from the chemical

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Contain highly toxic NOx fumes. Behavior in Fire: Produces highly toxic fumes. (USCG, 1999)

5.3 Special protective actions for fire-fighters

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

6.Accidental release measures

6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. For personal protection see section 8.

6.2 Environmental precautions

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up

Cover the spill with a 9:1 mixture of sand and soda ash.

7.Handling and storage

7.1 Precautions for safe handling

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. For precautions see section 2.2.

7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Keep in the dark. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.KEEP WELL CLOSED & PROTECTED FROM LIGHT.

8.Exposure controls/personal protection

8.1 Control parameters

Occupational Exposure limit values

NIOSH considers benzidine to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration.

Biological limit values

no data available

8.2 Appropriate engineering controls

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

8.3 Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment (PPE)

Eye/face protection

Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection

Wear impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique(without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it.

Respiratory protection

Wear dust mask when handling large quantities.

Thermal hazards

no data available

9.Physical and chemical properties

10.Stability and reactivity

10.1 Reactivity

no data available

10.2 Chemical stability

DARKENS ON EXPOSURE TO AIR & LIGHT

10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions

Benzidine itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.BENZIDINE forms insoluble salts with sulfuric acid. Can be diazotized, acetylated and alkylated. Is hypergolic with red fuming nitric acid . Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

10.4 Conditions to avoid

no data available

10.5 Incompatible materials

Benzidine is hypergolic (will ignite spontaneously) with red fuming nitric acid.

10.6 Hazardous decomposition products

When heated to decomp it emits highly toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

11.Toxicological information

Acute toxicity

• Oral: LD50 Rat oral 309 mg/kg
• Inhalation: no data available
• Dermal: no data available

Skin corrosion/irritation

no data available

Serious eye damage/irritation

no data available

Respiratory or skin sensitization

no data available

Germ cell mutagenicity

no data available

Carcinogenicity

NTP: Known to be a human carcinogen

Reproductive toxicity

No information is available on the reproductive or developmental effects of benzidine in humans and animals.

STOT-single exposure

no data available

STOT-repeated exposure

no data available

Aspiration hazard

no data available

12.Ecological information

12.1 Toxicity

• Toxicity to fish: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) > 20,000 ug/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified
• Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: no data available
• Toxicity to algae: no data available
• Toxicity to microorganisms: no data available

12.2 Persistence and degradability

At concentrations of 60 to 120 mg/l, benzidine inhibited the oxygen uptake of sludge that had been acclimated to aniline; at concentrations of 40 to 80 mg/l, the oxygen uptake of unacclimated sludge was also inhibited. At ug/l concentrations, however, benzidine was partially degraded.

12.3 Bioaccumulative potential

In a 42 day experiment in a flow-through tank in which bluegills were exposed to 14C-benzidine, the BCF was 40 in the edible portion of the fish(1). The depuration half-life of the 14C-residues was about 7 days(1). After 3 days in a model ecosystem, the BCF for fish, mosquitos, snail and algae were 55, 457, 646 and 1,585(2). Based on a classification scheme(3), the BCF values of benzidine in fish suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

12.4 Mobility in soil

Benzidine exists as a neutral molecule, and as a singly and doubly ionized cation under acidic conditions (acid dissociation constants pKa1 and pKa2 are 4.3 and 3.3, respectively)(1,9) and adsorption to soil is sensitive to the soil pH. In a study of the adsorption of benzidine to 14 soils and sediments, it was found that the Freundlich adsorption constant was not correlated with any soil property such as % organic carbon but rather with pH(1). The pH controls the amount of benzidine in the ionized form and sorption increases as the pH decreases, that is, as a greater fraction of the total benzidine occurs in the ionic form. The Freundlich adsorption constant for the 14 soils and sediments ranged from 50 to 3,940 on a molar basis. The adsorption curve is highly non-linear with the average value of 1/n in the Freundlich adsorption equation being 0.5(1). In another study with 4 soils, the Freundlich adsorption constants ranged from 7,600 to 21,000 and the mean 1/n was 0.768(6). Even though the adsorption curves were not linear, Koc values were estimated to range from 227,000 to 882,000(6). Koc values for benzidine adsorbed to 3 estuarine sediments containing 0.93, 1.36, and 3.01% organic carbon were 4,899, 462, and 3,307, respectively(4). For adsorption to Chesapeake Bay sediment, the Freundlich adsorption constant was 6,025 and 1/n was 0.75 at pH 7.9(5). Adsorption increased as pH decreased, indicating that the protonated form of benzidine is more strongly bound to colloids than the neutral form(5). A sequential extraction procedure was used to show that benzidine binds to soil in two phases(7). Initially a reversible equilibrium is established followed by covalent bonding to soil organic matter, primarily humic acids(7). The benzidine concentration in soil solution decreases rapidly over the first 6 hours and then more slowly(8). After 48 hrs the level of benzidine in soil solution remains constant, 6-22 ppb for soil application rates of 30-50 ppm(8). Benzidine adsorbs to clay minerals forming a blue-colored species, the adsorption increasing with decreasing pH(2). Aromatic amines like benzidine are known to form covalent bonds with humic materials, adding to quinone-like structures followed by a slow oxidation(3,9). According to a classification scheme(10), the Koc values from sediment and soil(4,6) suggest that benzidine is expected to have very low or no mobility in soil(SRC).

12.5 Other adverse effects

no data available

13.Disposal considerations

13.1 Disposal methods

Product

The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.

Contaminated packaging

Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.

14.Transport information

14.1 UN Number

14.2 UN Proper Shipping Name

14.3 Transport hazard class(es)

14.4 Packing group, if applicable

14.5 Environmental hazards

14.6 Special precautions for user

no data available

14.7 Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and the IBC Code

no data available

15.Regulatory information

15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations specific for the product in question

16.Other information

Information on revision

Abbreviations and acronyms

• CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
• ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
• RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
• IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
• IATA: International Air Transportation Association
• TWA: Time Weighted Average
• STEL: Short term exposure limit
• LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
• LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
• EC50: Effective Concentration 50%

References

• IPCS - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.home
• HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank, website: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm
• IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer, website: http://www.iarc.fr/
• eChemPortal - The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances by OECD, website: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/index?pageID=0&request_locale=en
• CAMEO Chemicals, website: http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/search/simple
• ChemIDplus, website: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp
• ERG - Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation, website: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
• Germany GESTIS-database on hazard substance, website: http://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index-2.jsp
• ECHA - European Chemicals Agency, website: https://echa.europa.eu/

Disclaimer: The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. We as supplier shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product.