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1.Identification
1.1 GHS Product identifier
| Product name | 1,1,2-trichloroethane |
|---|
1.2 Other means of identification
| Product number | - |
|---|---|
| Other names | Ethane, trichloro- |
1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use
| Identified uses | For industry use only. Volatile organic compounds |
|---|---|
| Uses advised against | no data available |
1.4 Supplier's details
1.5 Emergency phone number
| Emergency phone number | - |
|---|---|
| Service hours | Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours). |
2.Hazard identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture
Acute toxicity - Oral, Category 4
Acute toxicity - Dermal, Category 4
Acute toxicity - Inhalation, Category 4
Carcinogenicity, Category 2
2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements
| Pictogram(s) |   |
|---|---|
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statement(s) | H302 Harmful if swallowed H312 Harmful in contact with skin H332 Harmful if inhaled H351 Suspected of causing cancer |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| Prevention | P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P201 Obtain special instructions before use. P202 Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. |
| Response | P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/…if you feel unwell. P330 Rinse mouth. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/... P312 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/…if you feel unwell. P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label). P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P308+P313 IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/ attention. |
| Storage | P405 Store locked up. |
| Disposal | P501 Dispose of contents/container to ... |
2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification
none
3.Composition/information on ingredients
3.1 Substances
| Chemical name | Common names and synonyms | CAS number | EC number | Concentration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,1,2-trichloroethane | 1,1,2-trichloroethane | 79-00-5 | none | 100% |
4.First-aid measures
4.1 Description of necessary first-aid measures
General advice
Consult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
If inhaled
Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.
In case of skin contact
Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .
In case of eye contact
Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.
If swallowed
Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . Do NOT induce vomiting.
4.2 Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed
Inhalation causes irritation of the nose, throat, and lungs. High concentrations may cause death by respiratory failure. Highly toxic by ingestion; may cause liver or kidney damage or myocardial irritability. Causes severe irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. Vapor may produce superficial skin burns or defatting type dermatitis and may irritate the eyes. (USCG, 1999)
4.3 Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary
Trichloroethane is less toxic than trichloroethylene at a given concentration, but treatment is similar with initial attention directed toward support of ventilation, correction of hypotension, and cardiac monitoring as indicated. Recovery after termination of exposure usually is rapid, with recovery from light anesthesia occuring within 5 minutes. /Trichloroethane/
5.Fire-fighting measures
5.1 Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media
Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.
5.2 Specific hazards arising from the chemical
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic gases including hydrogen chloride and very small amounts of phosgene and chlorine are produced. Behavior in Fire: Forms a flammable vapor-air mixture at 42.78°C and higher. (USCG, 1999)
5.3 Special protective actions for fire-fighters
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
6.Accidental release measures
6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. For personal protection see section 8.
6.2 Environmental precautions
Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
1) REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2) VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 3) COLLECT FOR RECLAMATION OR ABSORB IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, OR SIMILAR MATERIAL.
7.Handling and storage
7.1 Precautions for safe handling
Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. For precautions see section 2.2.
7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases and metals. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from oxidizing materials, aluminum, ammonia.
8.Exposure controls/personal protection
8.1 Control parameters
Occupational Exposure limit values
NIOSH considers 1,1,2-trichloroethane to be a potential occupational carcinogen.
Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 10 ppm (45 mg/cu m), skin.
NIOSH considers ethylene dichloride; hexachloroethane; 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane; and 1,1,2-trichloroethane; to be potential occupational carcinogens. Additionally, NIOSH recommends that the other five chloroethane compounds: 1,1-dichloroethane; ethyl chloride; methyl chloroform; pentachloroethane; and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane be treated in the workplace with caution because of their structural similarity to the four chloroethanes shown to be carcinogenic to animals.
Biological limit values
no data available
8.2 Appropriate engineering controls
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
8.3 Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment (PPE)
Eye/face protection
Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection
Wear impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique(without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it.
Respiratory protection
Wear dust mask when handling large quantities.
Thermal hazards
no data available
9.Physical and chemical properties
| Physical state | colourless liquid with a mild chloroform odour |
|---|---|
| Colour | Clear, colorless liquid |
| Odour | Pleasant odor |
| Melting point/ freezing point | 320°C(lit.) |
| Boiling point or initial boiling point and boiling range | 114°C |
| Flammability | Combustible Liquid, forms dense soot.Combustible under specific conditions. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. See Notes. |
| Lower and upper explosion limit / flammability limit | Lower limit: 6%; upper limit: 15.5% |
| Flash point | -15°C(lit.) |
| Auto-ignition temperature | no data available |
| Decomposition temperature | no data available |
| pH | no data available |
| Kinematic viscosity | 1.69 cP at 25°C |
| Solubility | 1 to 5 mg/mL at 20°C |
| Partition coefficient n-octanol/water (log value) | log Kow = 1.89 |
| Vapour pressure | 16.7 mm Hg at 20°C ; 20 mm Hg at 21.61°C |
| Density and/or relative density | 1.435 |
| Relative vapour density | 4.63 (Relative to Air) |
| Particle characteristics | no data available |
10.Stability and reactivity
10.1 Reactivity
no data available
10.2 Chemical stability
STABLE IN AIR AT ORDINARY TEMP; IN ABSENCE OF AIR OR WATER IT IS STABLE TO APPROX 110 DEG C
10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions
Nonflammable /liquid/The vapour is heavier than air.1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE is sensitive to light and heat. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases. Reacts violently with sodium, potassium, magnesium, and aluminum. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings.
10.4 Conditions to avoid
no data available
10.5 Incompatible materials
Although apparently stable on contact, mixtures of potassium (or its alloys) with wide range of halocarbons are shock-sensitive and may explode with great violence on light impact. ... Trichloroethane ... /was/ among those investigated.
10.6 Hazardous decomposition products
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.
11.Toxicological information
Acute toxicity
- Oral: LD50 Rat oral 837 mg/kg
- Inhalation: LD50 Mouse inhalation 2.3 g/cu m (416 ppm)/6 hr
- Dermal: no data available
Skin corrosion/irritation
no data available
Serious eye damage/irritation
no data available
Respiratory or skin sensitization
no data available
Germ cell mutagenicity
no data available
Carcinogenicity
Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of 1,1,2-trichloroethane were available. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 1,1,2-trichloroethane. Overall evaluation: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans (Group 3).
Reproductive toxicity
No information is available regarding developmental or reproductive effects of 1,1,2-trichloroethane in humans from inhalation or oral exposure. Animal studies have not reported developmental or reproductive effects from oral exposure to 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
STOT-single exposure
no data available
STOT-repeated exposure
no data available
Aspiration hazard
no data available
12.Ecological information
12.1 Toxicity
- Toxicity to fish: LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 81.6 mg/L/96 hr (95% confidence limit not reliable), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.2°C, dissolved oxygen 8.0 mg/L, hardness 45.2 mg/L calcium carbonate, alkalinity 42.7 mg/L calcium carbonate, and pH 7.49.
- Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: no data available
- Toxicity to algae: no data available
- Toxicity to microorganisms: no data available
12.2 Persistence and degradability
AEROBIC: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane showed no biodegradation in both a 24-day modified shake flask test and a river die-away test(2). Similar results were obtained in another screening biodegradability test(4). When a solution containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane was applied to a column filled with sandy soil, no loss could be attributed to biodegradation(3). One investigation reported very slow biodegradation with long acclimation times for 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1). Vinyl chloride was observed to be a biodegradation product of 1,1,2-trichloroethane when microbes from an anaerobic digester at a municipal wastewater treatment facility were used as inocula(5). No significant degradation occurred over a 16 week incubation period in either sterilized or non-sterile subsurface (5 m deep) soil samples(6). 1,1,2-Trichloroethane has been shown to undergo biotransformation under methanogenic conditions(7). 1,1,2-Trichloroethane at 100 mg/L achieved 5% of its theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L over a 4 week incubation period in the Japanese MITI test(8). The anaerobic biodegradation rate constant for 1,1,2-trichloroethane was reported to range from 0.00048 to 0.00096 days-1(9), corresponding to half-lives of 722-1444 days(SRC). The aerobic biodegradation half-life for 1,1,2-trichloroethane was reported to range from 6 months to 1 year(9). The half-life of 1,1,2-trichloroethane in an unpolluted anaerobic aquifer was reported as 6 days (1% organic carbon content), 26 days (0.1% organic carbon content), 335 days (0.01% organic carbon content) and 16 years (0.001% organic carbon content)(10).
12.3 Bioaccumulative potential
BCF values of 0.7 to 2.6 were measured in carp exposed to 0.3 mg/L of 1,1,2-trichloroethane during a 6 week incubation period and BCF values of 2.7 to 6.7 were measured in carp exposed to 0.03 mg/L of 1,1,2-trichloroethane during a 6 week incubation period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
12.4 Mobility in soil
The mean Koc of 1,1,2-trichloroethane in a silty clay soil and sandy loam soil ranged from 83-111 and 174-209, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this range of Koc values suggests that 1,1,2-trichloroethane is expected to have high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC).
12.5 Other adverse effects
no data available
13.Disposal considerations
13.1 Disposal methods
Product
The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.
Contaminated packaging
Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.
14.Transport information
14.1 UN Number
| ADR/RID: UN2810 | IMDG: UN2810 | IATA: UN2810 |
14.2 UN Proper Shipping Name
| ADR/RID: TOXIC LIQUID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. |
| IMDG: TOXIC LIQUID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. |
| IATA: TOXIC LIQUID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. |
14.3 Transport hazard class(es)
| ADR/RID: 6.1 | IMDG: 6.1 | IATA: 6.1 |
14.4 Packing group, if applicable
| ADR/RID: III | IMDG: III | IATA: III |
14.5 Environmental hazards
| ADR/RID: no | IMDG: no | IATA: no |
14.6 Special precautions for user
no data available
14.7 Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and the IBC Code
no data available
15.Regulatory information
15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations specific for the product in question
| Chemical name | Common names and synonyms | CAS number | EC number |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1,1,2-trichloroethane | 1,1,2-trichloroethane | 79-00-5 | none |
| European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS) | Listed. | ||
| EC Inventory | Listed. | ||
| United States Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory | Listed. | ||
| China Catalog of Hazardous chemicals 2015 | Listed. | ||
| New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC) | Listed. | ||
| Philippines Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances (PICCS) | Listed. | ||
| Vietnam National Chemical Inventory | Listed. | ||
| Chinese Chemical Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (China IECSC) | Listed. | ||
16.Other information
Information on revision
| Creation Date | Aug 12, 2017 |
|---|---|
| Revision Date | Aug 12, 2017 |
Abbreviations and acronyms
- CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
- ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
- RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
- IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
- IATA: International Air Transportation Association
- TWA: Time Weighted Average
- STEL: Short term exposure limit
- LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
- LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
- EC50: Effective Concentration 50%
References
- IPCS - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.home
- HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank, website: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm
- IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer, website: http://www.iarc.fr/
- eChemPortal - The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances by OECD, website: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/index?pageID=0&request_locale=en
- CAMEO Chemicals, website: http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/search/simple
- ChemIDplus, website: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp
- ERG - Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation, website: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
- Germany GESTIS-database on hazard substance, website: http://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index-2.jsp
- ECHA - European Chemicals Agency, website: https://echa.europa.eu/